KYPROLIS 60 MG IV 1 FLC

Kyprolis (generic name: carfilzomib) is an intravenous medication used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. It is a proteasome inhibitor that helps manage the disease by targeting cancer cells and inducing their death. Kyprolis is typically used in combination with other medications to enhance its effectiveness.

How Kyprolis Works

Mechanism of Action

1. Proteasome Inhibition:
   • Kyprolis works by inhibiting the proteasome, a cellular structure responsible for degrading proteins that regulate various cellular functions. By blocking this process, Kyprolis leads to the accumulation of pro-apoptotic factors (which promote cell death) and the degradation of anti-apoptotic factors (which inhibit cell death).
2. Induction of Apoptosis:
   • The inhibition of the proteasome results in the buildup of regulatory proteins that trigger apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells. This helps reduce the number of malignant cells in the body.
3. Disruption of Cell Cycle:
   • Kyprolis interferes with the cell cycle of cancer cells, preventing their division and proliferation. This disruption contributes to the drug’s effectiveness in controlling tumor growth.
4. Synergistic Effect:
   • When used in combination with other medications such as lenalidomide and dexamethasone, Kyprolis has a synergistic effect, enhancing overall treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Fatigue:
  • Patients may experience general fatigue or tiredness during treatment.
• Nausea:
  • Nausea is a frequent side effect, which may be managed with anti-nausea medications.
• Diarrhea:
  • Some patients may have diarrhea, which can be controlled with appropriate dietary adjustments or medications.
• Low Blood Cell Counts:
  • Kyprolis can cause low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, or bleeding.

Serious Side Effects

• Cardiotoxicity:
  • Kyprolis can lead to heart problems, including congestive heart failure. Patients should be monitored for symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling.
• Kidney Problems:
  • The drug may affect kidney function, leading to kidney damage or failure. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended.
• Infections:
  • Due to its effect on the immune system, Kyprolis increases the risk of infections, including severe infections.
• Liver Toxicity:
  • Liver enzyme elevations or liver dysfunction may occur, requiring periodic liver function tests.
• Pulmonary Issues:
  • Patients may experience respiratory problems such as difficulty breathing or pneumonia.

Indications

Kyprolis is indicated for:

• Multiple Myeloma:
  • Treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in combination with other medications, including lenalidomide and dexamethasone.

Contraindications

Kyprolis is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity:
  • Known hypersensitivity to carfilzomib or any of its components.
• Severe Cardiac Conditions:
  • Patients with severe heart conditions, including significant heart failure or unstable angina, should not use Kyprolis.
• Severe Renal Impairment:
  • Use is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment due to the risk of worsening kidney function.
• Active Infections:
  • Patients with active infections should avoid using Kyprolis until the infections are controlled.
• Liver Dysfunction:
  • Use is not recommended in patients with severe liver dysfunction or active liver disease.

Price in Different Countries

The price of Kyprolis 60 mg IV varies by country and healthcare system. Below is a table with approximate price ranges and references.

Country	Price (Per 60 mg)	Reference
United States	$12,000 – $15,000	GoodRx
United Kingdom	£8,500 – £10,000	NHS UK
Canada	CAD $13,000 – $15,500	Health Canada
Australia	AUD $14,500 – $17,000	PBS Australia
India	₹9,00,000 – ₹10,50,000	Medlife

Top 5 Global Brands

1. Kyprolis – Amgen:
   • The original manufacturer of carfilzomib, known for its high efficacy and quality.
2. Kyprolis – Mylan:
   • Offers a generic version of Kyprolis, providing a cost-effective alternative.
3. Kyprolis – Teva:
   • Produces a high-quality generic form of Kyprolis, adhering to strict quality standards.
4. Kyprolis – Sandoz:
   • Known for delivering a reliable generic version of carfilzomib.
5. Kyprolis – Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories:
   • Provides a generic version of Kyprolis, ensuring availability for patients worldwide.