Latuda (lurasidone hydrochloride) 40 mg tablet

Latuda (Lurasidone Hydrochloride) is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression. Latuda is known for its efficacy and relatively favorable side effect profile, making it a preferred option for managing psychiatric disorders. The 40 mg tablet is one of several dosing options available, allowing for flexible and tailored treatment plans.

How Latuda Works

Latuda works by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically targeting the dopamine and serotonin systems, which are critical in the regulation of mood, cognition, and behavior.

Mechanism of Action:

1. Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonism: Latuda exerts its antipsychotic effects primarily by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, reward, and psychosis. By antagonizing these receptors, Latuda helps reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders.
2. Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonism: In addition to its effects on dopamine, Latuda blocks serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Serotonin is another key neurotransmitter involved in mood and cognition. By antagonizing these receptors, Latuda helps alleviate negative symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia and also has a mood-stabilizing effect, which is beneficial in bipolar depression.
3. Partial Agonism at Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors: Latuda has partial agonist activity at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, which contributes to its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and antidepressant effects. This action makes it particularly useful in treating the depressive episodes of bipolar disorder.
4. Minimal Effect on Histamine and Cholinergic Receptors: Unlike some other antipsychotics, Latuda has minimal activity at histamine H1 and muscarinic cholinergic receptors, which means it is less likely to cause sedation, weight gain, or anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth and constipation.

Side Effects

While Latuda is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects. These side effects can range from mild to severe, and their occurrence may vary based on individual response to the medication.

Common Side Effects:

• Somnolence (Drowsiness): A common side effect, especially when first starting the medication.
• Akathisia: A condition characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and an urge to move, which can be distressing.
• Nausea: Gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, is relatively common.
• Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS): These include tremors, muscle stiffness, and involuntary movements.
• Dizziness: Patients may experience dizziness, particularly upon standing, due to orthostatic hypotension.

Serious Side Effects:

• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): A rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by muscle rigidity, fever, and autonomic dysfunction.
• Tardive Dyskinesia: A serious condition involving involuntary, repetitive movements, particularly of the face and tongue.
• Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Latuda can increase blood sugar levels, which may lead to the development of diabetes or worsen existing diabetes.
• Suicidal Thoughts: Particularly in young adults and adolescents, there is a risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior.

Indications

Latuda is approved for the treatment of specific psychiatric conditions, reflecting its effectiveness in managing symptoms associated with these disorders.

Approved Indications:

1. Schizophrenia: Latuda is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents (ages 13 to 17). It helps reduce the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and social withdrawal.
2. Bipolar Depression: Latuda is approved for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults and children aged 10 to 17 years. It can be used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate.

Contraindications

Latuda is contraindicated in certain conditions where its use could be harmful or ineffective.

Contraindications:

1. Hypersensitivity: Patients with known hypersensitivity to lurasidone or any of the components in Latuda should not use this medication.
2. Use with Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors or Inducers: Latuda should not be used in conjunction with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) or inducers (e.g., rifampin) as these can significantly alter the metabolism of lurasidone, leading to either increased toxicity or reduced efficacy.
3. Severe Hepatic or Renal Impairment: Patients with severe liver or kidney impairment may not be able to metabolize or excrete Latuda effectively, leading to an increased risk of adverse effects.

Price in Different Countries

The cost of Latuda can vary widely depending on the country, healthcare system, and pharmacy. Below is a table providing an overview of the price of Latuda 40 mg in different countries.

Country	Price (Per Month Supply)	Reference
United States	$1,400 – $1,600	GoodRx
United Kingdom	£780 – £850	NHS UK
Canada	CAD $1,300 – $1,500	DrugBank
Australia	AUD $1,900 – $2,100	PBS Australia
Germany	€1,200 – €1,350	G-BA Germany

Top 5 Global Brands

While Latuda is a product of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, several other pharmaceutical companies are leading innovators in the field of psychiatry and mental health.

1. Sunovion Pharmaceuticals

• The manufacturer of Latuda, Sunovion is a global leader in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

2. Janssen Pharmaceuticals

• A subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, Janssen is well-known for its portfolio of antipsychotics, including Risperdal (risperidone) and Invega (paliperidone).

3. Otsuka Pharmaceutical

• Otsuka is renowned for Abilify (aripiprazole), a widely-used antipsychotic medication.

4. Lundbeck

• Lundbeck specializes in psychiatric and neurological disorders and is known for products such as Lexapro (escitalopram) and Brintellix (vortioxetine).

5. Eli Lilly and Company

• Eli Lilly is a major player in the field of psychiatry, with key products like Zyprexa (olanzapine) and Prozac (fluoxetine).