Mayzent Siponimod 2mg Tablets

Mayzent is a medication containing the active ingredient **Siponimod**, which is primarily used for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), particularly the secondary progressive form of the disease. It is manufactured by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and is a part of the class of drugs known as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators. These drugs help manage symptoms and slow the progression of MS by modulating immune responses.

How It Works

Siponimod, the active component of Mayzent, works by selectively modulating the activity of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. This helps control the movement of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) into the central nervous system. Here’s a detailed explanation of its mechanism of action: 1. **Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Modulation**: – Siponimod is an S1P receptor modulator that specifically targets S1P receptors 1 and 5. These receptors are involved in regulating lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes. 2. **Reduction of Lymphocyte Circulation**: – By binding to S1P receptors, siponimod prevents lymphocytes from exiting lymph nodes and entering the bloodstream. This results in a reduced number of circulating lymphocytes, which leads to a decrease in inflammation within the central nervous system. 3. **Reduction of Central Nervous System Inflammation**: – In Multiple Sclerosis, lymphocytes attack the protective sheath (myelin) covering nerves in the brain and spinal cord. By limiting the number of lymphocytes that can enter the CNS, siponimod reduces the inflammatory process that damages nerves, slowing the progression of the disease. 4. **Neuroprotective Effects**: – Siponimod may also have direct effects on the central nervous system by modulating S1P receptors within the CNS, which could contribute to neuroprotection and remyelination processes.

Indications

Mayzent is primarily indicated for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, particularly in adult patients with the following conditions:

• Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS):
  • Siponimod is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active SPMS, characterized by disease progression and occasional relapses.
• Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis:
  • Mayzent can be used for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and active SPMS.

Side Effects

Like any medication, Mayzent may cause a range of side effects. While some patients may experience mild effects, others may encounter more severe reactions. Here are the potential side effects of Siponimod:

• Common Side Effects:
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Liver enzyme elevations
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Slow heart rate (bradycardia)
  • Fatigue
  • Back pain
  • Cough
• Serious Side Effects:
  • **Infections**:
    • Serious infections such as herpes zoster, cryptococcal meningitis, and other opportunistic infections have been reported in patients taking siponimod.
  • **Cardiovascular Effects**:
    • Siponimod can cause bradyarrhythmia and atrioventricular (AV) conduction delays, especially after the first dose.
  • **Liver Dysfunction**:
    • Elevations in liver transaminases have been observed. Patients with significant liver impairment should be monitored closely.
  • **Macular Edema**:
    • Swelling in the macula (part of the retina) can occur, potentially affecting vision.
  • **Respiratory Effects**:
    • Decreases in lung function may occur, requiring careful monitoring.

Contraindications

Certain conditions and situations contraindicate the use of Mayzent, and patients should be screened for these prior to starting treatment:

• Recent Myocardial Infarction, Unstable Angina, Stroke, or TIA:
  • Patients with a recent history of significant cardiovascular events should not use Mayzent due to increased risk of heart-related side effects.
• Severe Untreated Sleep Apnea:
  • Mayzent is not recommended for patients with severe untreated sleep apnea due to potential respiratory effects.
• Severe Hepatic Impairment:
  • Patients with severe liver impairment should avoid Mayzent, as it is metabolized in the liver and may lead to increased adverse effects.
• Concurrent Use with CYP2C9 Inhibitors:
  • Patients taking medications that inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme should not use siponimod, as this can increase drug levels and risk of toxicity.

Pricing Information

Below is a table detailing the price of Mayzent in various countries. Prices may vary based on the healthcare system, availability, and dosage requirements.

Country	Price (per pack)	Reference
United States	$8,500 – $9,500	GoodRx
United Kingdom	£6,000 – £7,000	NHS BNF
Australia	AUD $10,000 – $11,000	PBS
Canada	CAD $9,000 – $10,000	DrugBank
Germany	€7,500 – €8,500	Apotheken Umschau

Top 5 Global Brands

Several pharmaceutical companies produce medications for Multiple Sclerosis. Here are some of the top global brands:

• Gilenya (Fingolimod) – Novartis
• Tecfidera (Dimethyl Fumarate) – Biogen
• Aubagio (Teriflunomide) – Sanofi
• Ocrevus (Ocrelizumab) – Roche/Genentech
• Tysabri (Natalizumab) – Biogen