MYLERAN 2 MG 100 TB

Myleran (generic name: Busulfan) is a chemotherapy medication used primarily for the treatment of certain types of leukemia, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It is classified as an alkylating agent, which works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells to prevent their replication and growth. Myleran is often used as part of a pre-transplant conditioning regimen or as part of a treatment plan for patients with specific hematologic malignancies.

How Myleran Works

Mechanism of Action

1. Alkylation of DNA:
   • Myleran acts as an alkylating agent that forms covalent bonds with DNA. This process, known as alkylation, leads to the cross-linking of DNA strands. This cross-linking inhibits DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell death.
2. Inhibition of DNA Synthesis:
   • By binding to DNA, Myleran prevents the synthesis of new DNA strands, which is crucial for cell division and proliferation. This effect is particularly effective in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
3. Selective Toxicity:
   • Although Myleran affects all rapidly dividing cells, its primary action is on cancer cells, which are more susceptible due to their high proliferation rate. This selective toxicity makes it effective in treating leukemia.
4. Conditioning Before Transplant:
   • In the context of stem cell or bone marrow transplants, Myleran is used to reduce the number of cancer cells in the body before the transplant procedure.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Bone Marrow Suppression:
  • Myleran can cause suppression of bone marrow function, leading to decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can result in anemia, increased risk of infections, and bleeding problems.
• Nausea and Vomiting:
  • Nausea and vomiting are common side effects, though they can often be managed with anti-nausea medications.
• Loss of Appetite:
  • Patients may experience reduced appetite, which can lead to weight loss.
• Fatigue:
  • General fatigue and weakness are frequently reported.

Serious Side Effects

• Pulmonary Toxicity:
  • High doses or prolonged use of Myleran can lead to lung damage, presenting as pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial lung disease.
• Hepatotoxicity:
  • Liver damage, including hepatitis or jaundice, can occur.
• Secondary Malignancies:
  • Long-term use of alkylating agents like Myleran is associated with an increased risk of developing secondary cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or other solid tumors.
• Severe Infection Risk:
  • Due to its effect on bone marrow, Myleran can lead to severe infections that require prompt medical attention.
• Renal Toxicity:
  • Potential kidney damage may occur, necessitating monitoring of renal function.

Indications

Myleran is indicated for:

• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML):
  • Used as part of a treatment regimen for CML, especially in patients who are not candidates for other forms of treatment or as a conditioning regimen before a stem cell transplant.
• Pre-transplant Conditioning:
  • Administered before bone marrow or stem cell transplantation to reduce the number of cancer cells and prepare the body for the transplant.
• Other Hematologic Malignancies:
  • Occasionally used off-label for other blood cancers or conditions as determined by a healthcare provider.

Contraindications

Myleran should not be used in the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity:
  • Known hypersensitivity to busulfan or any of its components.
• Severe Bone Marrow Suppression:
  • Use is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing severe bone marrow suppression or aplastic anemia.
• Active Infection:
  • Should be avoided in patients with active, uncontrolled infections.
• Liver Dysfunction:
  • Contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment or active hepatitis.
• Pregnancy:
  • Not recommended during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. Effective contraception is required for women of childbearing potential.

Price in Different Countries

The price of Myleran 2 mg varies by country and specific healthcare system. Below is a table showing the approximate price range in various countries.

Country	Price (Per 2 mg Tablet)	Reference
United States	$600 – $800 (for 100 tablets)	GoodRx
United Kingdom	£500 – £700 (for 100 tablets)	NHS UK
Canada	CAD $800 – $1,000 (for 100 tablets)	Canada Drugs
Australia	AUD $1,000 – $1,300 (for 100 tablets)	PBS Australia
India	₹40,000 – ₹50,000 (for 100 tablets)	1mg

Top 5 Global Brands

1. Myleran – Novartis:
   • The original brand of busulfan, widely used and recognized for its efficacy in treating chronic myeloid leukemia and other conditions.
2. Busulfan – Mylan:
   • A generic version of busulfan, offering a cost-effective alternative to the branded Myleran.
3. Busulfex – Otsuka Pharmaceuticals:
   • A brand of intravenous busulfan, often used in the conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
4. Busulfan – Teva Pharmaceuticals:
   • Another major manufacturer of generic busulfan, providing accessible options for patients.
5. Busulfan – Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories:
   • A well-known generic version available in various regions, ensuring broader access to this critical chemotherapy agent.