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  • SANDIMMUN 100 MG 50 CAP

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    Description

    Sandimmun is a medication containing cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressive agent used primarily to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients and to treat certain autoimmune disorders. It is available in a solution for injection, typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

    How It Works

    Mechanism of Action

    Sandimmun (cyclosporine A) works by:
    1. Immunosuppression:
      • Cyclosporine A inhibits the activation of T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) by blocking the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine necessary for T cell activation and proliferation. This helps prevent the immune system from attacking transplanted organs or tissues.
    2. Selective Inhibition:
      • It selectively suppresses the immune response without broadly affecting other components of the immune system, which helps in minimizing adverse effects.
    3. T Cell Activation:
      • By inhibiting calcineurin, Sandimmun prevents the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is crucial for the transcription of IL-2 and other cytokines involved in the immune response.

    Side Effects

    Common Side Effects

    • Headache:
      • Mild to moderate headaches can occur.
    • Gastrointestinal Issues:
      • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
    • Increased Hair Growth:
      • Hypertrichosis, or excessive hair growth, may develop.
    • Tremors:
      • Fine or coarse tremors, especially in the hands.

    Serious Side Effects

    • Kidney Toxicity:
      • Nephrotoxicity, which may manifest as elevated blood creatinine levels and reduced kidney function.
    • Hypertension:
      • High blood pressure, which may require management.
    • Increased Risk of Infections:
      • Due to the suppression of the immune system, patients may be more susceptible to infections.
    • Gingival Hyperplasia:
      • Overgrowth of gum tissue.
    • Liver Dysfunction:
      • Elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis, or jaundice.
    • Cancer Risk:
      • Long-term use increases the risk of certain cancers, including lymphomas and skin cancers.

    Indications

    Sandimmun is indicated for:
    • Prevention of Organ Rejection:
      • Used in combination with other immunosuppressive agents to prevent organ rejection following kidney, liver, heart, or bone marrow transplants.
    • Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases:
      • Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain nephrotic syndromes.
    • Chronic Rejection:
      • Management of chronic rejection in transplant recipients.

    Contraindications

    Sandimmun should not be used in the following conditions:
    • Hypersensitivity:
      • Known hypersensitivity to cyclosporine A or any of its components.
    • Active Infections:
      • In patients with active infections, due to the risk of exacerbating the infection.
    • Pregnancy:
      • Should be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary, as it may harm the fetus.
    • Severe Renal Impairment:
      • Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease.
    • Uncontrolled Hypertension:
      • Not recommended for patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure.

    Price in Different Countries

    Here is a table showing approximate prices for Sandimmun 1 mL (10 ampoules) in various countries, along with references:
    Country Price (Per Pack) Reference
    United States $1,500 – $2,000 GoodRx
    United Kingdom £1,200 – £1,500 NHS UK
    Canada CAD $1,800 – $2,300 Health Canada
    Australia AUD $2,000 – $2,500 PBS Australia
    India ₹90,000 – ₹1,20,000 Medlife

    Top 5 Global Brands

    1. Sandimmun – Novartis:
      • The original and well-known brand of cyclosporine A.
    2. Neoral – Novartis:
      • A modified formulation of cyclosporine A with improved absorption.
    3. Gengraf – Abbott:
      • A formulation of cyclosporine A similar to Neoral.
    4. Cyclosporine Capsules – Various Manufacturers:
      • Generic versions of cyclosporine A, available under different brand names.
    5. Ciclosporin – Various Manufacturers:
      • Various brands providing generic cyclosporine A.
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    SANDIMMUN 100 MG 50 CAP
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