Xyrem sodium oxybate oral solution

Xyrem (Sodium Oxybate) is an oral solution used in the management of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy). Sodium oxybate is a central nervous system depressant that helps regulate sleep cycles and improve sleep quality, thus alleviating the symptoms of narcolepsy. Xyrem is a prescription medication available in a liquid form, typically administered twice per night due to its short half-life.

How It Works

Sodium oxybate, the active ingredient in Xyrem, is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). It works by modulating GABA_B (gamma-aminobutyric acid type B) receptors in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability, promoting relaxation and sleep. By enhancing GABA activity, sodium oxybate induces slow-wave (deep) sleep, which is crucial for restoring normal sleep patterns in narcolepsy patients. This mechanism also helps reduce cataplexy episodes and improve overall alertness during the day.

Side Effects

Like all medications, Xyrem can cause side effects. Common side effects include:

• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Excessive sweating
• Weakness

More serious side effects may include:

• Respiratory depression
• Seizures
• Confusion
• Hallucinations
• Sleepwalking or unusual behaviors during sleep
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)

Indications

Xyrem is indicated for:

• Treatment of cataplexy in narcolepsy patients
• Management of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy

Contraindications

Xyrem should not be used in the following situations:

• Known hypersensitivity to sodium oxybate or any of its components
• Concomitant use of alcohol or sedative-hypnotic medications
• Patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless clearly needed
• Severe hepatic impairment without appropriate dose adjustment

Price in Different Countries

Country	Price (per 180 mL Bottle)	References
United States	$4,500	GoodRx Xyrem Price
United Kingdom	£3,200	NHS Xyrem Price
Canada	$4,000	Pharmacy Checker Xyrem Price
Australia	$4,300	PBS Xyrem Price
India	₹300,000	1mg Xyrem Price

Top 5 Global Brands

The top five global brands for Sodium Oxybate include:

• Xyrem (Jazz Pharmaceuticals): The most widely known brand for sodium oxybate, primarily used for treating narcolepsy.
• Xywav (Jazz Pharmaceuticals): A newer formulation with a lower sodium content, offering a similar therapeutic profile as Xyrem.
• Alcover (CT Pharmaceuticals): Used in some countries for the treatment of alcohol dependence, highlighting its diverse medical applications.
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (Multiple manufacturers): Available as a generic option in certain regions, focusing on cost-effective narcolepsy management.
• UCB (UCB Pharma): Known for its research and development in neurological disorders, providing innovative solutions for sleep disorders.