yupelri (revefenacin) inhalation solution

Yupelri is a prescription medication provided as an inhalation solution for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is designed to help manage and alleviate symptoms of COPD by improving airflow and reducing airway inflammation. Yupelri is delivered via a nebulizer, which is a device that turns the medication into a mist that can be inhaled directly into the lungs.

How It Works

Yupelri contains revefenacin, which is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). Here’s a detailed explanation of how it works:

Mechanism of Action

1. Antagonism of Muscarinic Receptors:
   • Revefenacin works by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle. These receptors are involved in causing bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways) when activated by acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.
2. Reduction of Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction:
   • By inhibiting the M3 receptors, revefenacin helps to relax the smooth muscles of the airways. This leads to a reduction in bronchoconstriction and an improvement in airflow.
3. Decreased Airway Inflammation:
   • Although its primary action is on the smooth muscle, revefenacin may also help to reduce inflammation in the airways, further improving symptoms of COPD.
4. Improved Lung Function:
   • Regular use of Yupelri helps to open the airways, making it easier to breathe and enhancing overall lung function. This results in improved symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Revefenacin is delivered via nebulization, which allows for direct delivery to the lungs. The systemic absorption is minimal due to its local action in the airways.
• Distribution: After inhalation, revefenacin is distributed primarily to the lungs with minimal systemic distribution.
• Metabolism: It is metabolized in the liver and other tissues.
• Excretion: Revefenacin is primarily excreted via the feces with minimal renal excretion.

Indications

Yupelri is indicated for the following:

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):
  • Yupelri is used to manage COPD symptoms in adult patients. It helps to improve lung function and reduce the frequency and severity of COPD symptoms.

Side Effects

Yupelri is generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, it can cause side effects. Patients should be monitored for adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Dry Mouth:
  • Some patients may experience a dry sensation in the mouth.
• Cough:
  • A mild, persistent cough may occur in some individuals.
• Headache:
  • Headaches are a possible side effect of Yupelri.
• Throat Irritation:
  • Irritation or soreness in the throat may occur.

Serious Side Effects

• Paradoxical Bronchospasm:
  • Rarely, the medication can cause worsening of breathing problems. Immediate discontinuation and medical consultation are required if this occurs.
• Allergic Reactions:
  • Severe allergic reactions, including rash, itching, or swelling, may occur.
• Infections:
  • There is a risk of respiratory infections, including pneumonia.
• Glaucoma:
  • Use with caution in patients with a history of glaucoma or other eye conditions.

Contraindications

Yupelri should not be used in the following situations:

• Hypersensitivity:
  • Known hypersensitivity to revefenacin or any of its excipients.
• Acute Bronchospasm:
  • Not recommended for the treatment of acute bronchospasm or as a rescue medication.
• Severe Liver Impairment:
  • Use with caution or avoid use in patients with severe liver impairment due to potential alterations in drug metabolism.
• Pregnancy and Lactation:
  • Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consult with a healthcare provider regarding use during lactation.

Pricing Information

Country	Price (per 10 mg/2 mL vial)	Reference
United States	$200 – $250	GoodRx
United Kingdom	£160 – £210	NHS
Canada	CAD $220 – $270	Canada Drugs
Australia	AUD $250 – $300	PBS
Germany	€180 – €230	Apotheken Umschau

Top 5 Global Brands

Here are five leading pharmaceutical companies involved in the production and development of respiratory medications and inhalation solutions:

1. GSK (GlaxoSmithKline):
   • A global leader in respiratory medications, GSK develops and markets various inhaled therapies for COPD and asthma.
2. Boehringer Ingelheim:
   • Known for its innovative inhalation solutions and therapies for chronic respiratory diseases.
3. Novartis:
   • Novartis offers a range of respiratory medications and is involved in the research and development of new inhalation therapies.
4. AstraZeneca:
   • AstraZeneca provides a portfolio of inhaled medications for respiratory conditions and is actively engaged in respiratory research.
5. Roche:
   • Roche is a major player in the development of respiratory treatments and continues to advance therapies for chronic respiratory diseases.